Armstrong B, McNair P, Taylor D (2008) Head and neck position sense. Sports Medicine. 38(2): 101-17

This is an excellent review article - clear, readable and highly relevant. It highlights the high densities and complex arrays of spindles found in cervical muscles, especially amongst slow twitch muscle fibres, concluding that these receptors play an important role in head/neck position sense. This information is processed in tandem with that from the vestibular system and inaccurate information from either will affect head/neck position sense. There is limited information concerning the efficacy of treatment programmes. As the article concludes that head/neck position sense is affected by fatigue, pathology (e.g. whiplash) and considerably decreased levels of function, it is useful reading for neurorehabilitation therapists.